Glossary > Privacy > Government Surveillance And Legislation > Surveillance Laws (e.g., Patriot Act, FISA)

Bulk Collection

Bulk collection is a method used by government agencies to indiscriminately collect large amounts of data from various sources, often without individualized suspicion or targeting.

Example #1

For example, under the Patriot Act, the NSA was authorized to collect metadata in bulk from telecommunications companies, including information on phone calls made by millions of Americans.

Example #2

Another example is the FISA Amendments Act, which allows the government to collect internet communications in bulk from tech companies under Section 702.

Misuse

Misuse of bulk collection can lead to privacy violations on a massive scale, enabling the government to access sensitive information about individuals without their knowledge or consent. This unchecked access can potentially infringe on civil liberties and undermine individuals' right to privacy. For instance, if the collected data is used beyond the scope of national security threats or if it is shared with other agencies for unrelated purposes, it could result in unwarranted surveillance of innocent citizens.

Benefits

Bulk collection, when used appropriately and within legal boundaries, can provide valuable intelligence for national security purposes. By analyzing patterns in large datasets, authorities may uncover potential threats, identify trends, and take preventive measures to safeguard the public. For example, bulk collection could help detect and disrupt terrorist plots before they unfold, contributing to overall security efforts.

Conclusion

While bulk collection may offer advantages in national security operations, it raises significant concerns regarding individual privacy and civil liberties. It is crucial to strike a balance between security needs and protecting fundamental rights, ensuring that surveillance practices are transparent, accountable, and subject to strict oversight.

Last Modified: 4/30/2024